Anatomy

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 Human anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body.


Gross anatomy is subdivided into surface anatomy (the external body), regional anatomy (specific regions of the body), and systemic anatomy (specific organ systems).

Microscopic anatomy is subdivided into cytology (the study of cells) and histology (the study of tissues).

Anatomy is closely related to physiology (study of function), biochemistry (chemical processes of living things), comparative anatomy (similarities and differences between species), and embryology (development of embryos).

Knowledge of anatomy is needed to understand human biology and medicine.

Key Terms

surface Anatomy

The study of anatomical landmarks that can be identified by observing the surface of the body. Sometimes called superficial anatomy.


anatomy

The study of the body structure of animals.


dissection

The process of disassembling an organism to determine its internal structure and understand the functions and relationships of its components.


embryology

The science of the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetal stage.


microscopic anatomy

The study of minute anatomical structures on a microscopic scale, including cells (cytology) and tissues (histology).


Gross (or macroscopic) anatomy

The study of anatomical features visible to the naked eye, such as internal organs and external features.

DIVISION OF ANATOMY 

Gross anatomy is subdivided into surface anatomy (the external body), regional anatomy (specific regions of the body), and systemic anatomy (specific organ systems).

Microscopic anatomy is subdivided into cytology (the study of cells) and histology (the study of tissues).

Anatomy is closely related to physiology (study of function), biochemistry (chemical processes of living things), comparative anatomy (similarities and differences between species), and embryology (development of embryos).

Knowledge of anatomy is needed to understand human biology and medicine. 

Terminologies 

surface Anatomy: The study of anatomical landmarks that can be identified by observing the surface of the body. Sometimes called superficial anatomy.


anatomy :The study of the body structure of animals.


dissection :The process of disassembling an organism to determine its internal structure and understand the functions and relationships of its components.


embryology: The science of the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetal stage.


microscopic anatomy: The study of minute anatomical structures on a microscopic scale, including cells (cytology) and tissues (histology).


Gross (or macroscopic) anatomy: The study of anatomical features visible to the naked eye, such as internal organs and external features.

Gross Anatomy

Gross anatomy can be further subdivided into three different fields:


Surface anatomy (or superficial anatomy) is the study of external anatomical features without dissection.

Regional anatomy focuses on specific external and internal regions of the body (such as the head or chest) and how different systems work together in that region.

Systemic anatomy focuses on the anatomy of different organ systems, such as the respiratory or nervous system.

Regional anatomyAnatomy is widely used in modern teaching because it is easier to apply to a clinical setting than systemic anatomy. The major anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy, has recently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format to reflect this preference. Surface anatomy is also widely used to gauge the position and structure of deeper organs, tissues, and systems.

Microscopic Anatomy

Within microscopic anatomy, two topics of study are of great importance:


Cytology, the study of the structure and function of cells

Histology, the study of the organization and details of biological tissues

The human body has many layers of organization. Biological systems consist of organs that consist of tissues, and tissue in turn is made up of cells and connective tissue. Microscopic anatomy allows one to focus on these tissues and cells.

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